Transoceanic ships as vectors for nonindigenous freshwater bryozoans
نویسندگان
چکیده
Transoceanic shipping is the dominant vector for exotic species introductions in the North American Great Lakes. Over 60% of the invaders discovered since the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 are attributable to ballast water release (Ricciardi, 2006). Ocean-going vessels have been required since 1993 to exchange their filled ballast tanks at sea to reduce the abundance and viability of freshwater organisms discharged into the Great Lakes, but ships with unpumpable residual water in their ballast tanks (reported as ‘No Ballast On Board’ or NOBOB tanks) were not subject to the same regulation until 2006 in Canada and 2008 in the USA (Government of Canada 2006; Ricciardi & MacIsaac, 2008). Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
منابع مشابه
Viability of invertebrate diapausing eggs collected from residual ballast sediment
Natural or anthropogenic movement of sediments may be an important vector for the dispersal of invertebrate resting stages between water bodies. Here we record the presence of invertebrate diapausing eggs in residual sediments from transoceanic vessels and explore whether these may pose an invasion risk. Viability of diapausing eggs was explored under light and dark conditions using sediment co...
متن کاملRelative Invasion Risk for Plankton across Marine and Freshwater Systems: Examining Efficacy of Proposed International Ballast Water Discharge Standards
Understanding the implications of different management strategies is necessary to identify best conservation trajectories for ecosystems exposed to anthropogenic stressors. For example, science-based risk assessments at large scales are needed to understand efficacy of different vector management approaches aimed at preventing biological invasions associated with commercial shipping. We conduct...
متن کاملSurvival of ship biofouling assemblages during and after voyages to the Canadian Arctic
Human-mediated vectors often inadvertently translocate species assemblages to new environments. Examining the dynamics of entrained species assemblages during transport can provide insights into the introduction risk associated with these vectors. Ship biofouling is a major transport vector of nonindigenous species in coastal ecosystems globally, yet its magnitude in the Arctic is poorly unders...
متن کاملRecent mass invasion of the North American Great Lakes by Ponto-Caspian species.
The North American Great Lakes have been invaded and dramatically altered by more than 145 alien species. Many invasions have occurred during the past few decades because of the release of Eurasian ballast water from transoceanic ships. Current regulations require ships to exchange foreign ballast with highly saline water before entering the Great Lakes; this procedure should prevent colonizati...
متن کاملDevelopment of a risk assessment framework to predict invasive species establishment for multiple taxonomic groups and vectors of introduction
A thorough assessment of aquatic nonindigenous species’ risk facilitates successful monitoring and prevention activities. However, speciesand vector-specific information is often limited and difficult to synthesize across a single risk framework. To address this need, we developed an assessment framework capable of estimating the potential for introduction, establishment, and impact by aquatic ...
متن کامل